Ganglion Cysts: A Physiotherapy Guide

What Are Ganglion Cysts?

A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous lump that commonly develops along tendons or joints, most often in the wrist or hand. These cysts are filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid and can vary in size. They may appear suddenly, change in size, or disappear on their own.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ganglion cysts form when fluid from a joint or tendon sheath leaks and collects under the skin.

Common risk factors include:

• Repetitive wrist or hand movements
• Previous joint or tendon injury
• Osteoarthritis or joint irritation
• Female sex (more common in women aged 20–40)

Common Symptoms

• A visible or palpable lump near a joint or tendon
• Aching or discomfort, especially with movement
• Weakness or reduced range of motion if the cyst presses on nearby structures
• Sometimes no symptoms at all

Ganglion cysts are usually painless but may cause discomfort if they press on a nerve.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on physical examination. Your healthcare provider may use:

• Palpation and transillumination (shining light through the lump)
• Ultrasound or MRI to confirm the cyst and rule out other conditions if needed

Physiotherapy Management

Physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain, improving mobility, and preventing recurrence.

Common interventions include:

• Activity modification: Avoid repetitive wrist strain or prolonged weight-bearing on the hands.
• Splinting or bracing: Temporarily immobilizes the joint to reduce irritation.
• Manual therapy: Gentle mobilization and soft-tissue techniques to relieve tension and improve circulation.
• Therapeutic exercise: Restores strength, flexibility, and function in the affected wrist or hand.
• Education: Guidance on ergonomics and proper joint protection during daily and work activities.

Medical Treatment Options

If the cyst causes persistent pain or limits function, medical options may include:

• Aspiration: Removing fluid with a needle (though recurrence is common)
• Corticosteroid injection: Reduces inflammation
• Surgical removal: Considered when conservative treatment fails or the cyst repeatedly returns

Prognosis and Recovery

Most ganglion cysts are benign and resolve with conservative care.

With physiotherapy and activity modification, many individuals regain full, pain-free function. Surgical outcomes are generally good, though recurrence is possible.

Prevention and Self-Care Tips

• Avoid repetitive wrist strain when possible
• Use supportive wrist braces during aggravating activities
• Maintain strength and flexibility in forearm and hand muscles
• Seek early assessment if a new lump or discomfort appears

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can a ganglion cyst go away on its own?

Yes. Many ganglion cysts shrink or disappear without treatment. If symptoms are mild, observation is often recommended.

2. Should I try to pop or drain the cyst myself?

No. Attempting to puncture or drain a ganglion cyst at home can lead to infection or injury. Always consult a healthcare professional.

3. Can physiotherapy remove the cyst?

Physiotherapy cannot remove the cyst itself, but it can relieve discomfort, improve mobility, and reduce aggravating factors that cause the cyst to enlarge or become painful.

4. Is surgery always necessary?

Surgery is only considered when the cyst is painful, affects function, or keeps returning after conservative management.

5. Can ganglion cysts come back after treatment?

Yes, recurrence can happen even after aspiration or surgery. Addressing joint mechanics and repetitive strain through physiotherapy may help lower the risk.

6. Can I keep working or exercising with a ganglion cyst?

In most cases, yes. Your physiotherapist can help modify activities to prevent irritation while maintaining strength and flexibility.

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Written by Ellen Davies